Tire Load Range for Light Trucks: C, D, or E

What load range means on an LT tire

Tire load range is a letter code used on light truck (LT) tires to indicate their load-carrying capability. The federal motor vehicle safety standards define load rating as the maximum load a tire is rated to carry for a given inflation pressure, and the maximum load rating is the rating at the maximum permissible inflation pressure. (49 CFR 571.139)

LT tires are designed primarily for use on light trucks or multipurpose passenger vehicles. The standards also require that these tires pass tests for strength, endurance, and high speed performance, and the load range is used in those testing criteria. (49 CFR 571.119)

For many light trucks, you will see load range C, D, or E on the sidewall. These designations correspond to different load and inflation tables, but the exact capacity depends on the tire's size and construction. The sidewall also lists the load index and the maximum load rating at a specific pressure.

For a deeper look, see tire load range explained.

How GAWR determines the minimum load range

Every light truck has a gross axle weight rating (GAWR) for the front and rear axles, listed on the certification label inside the driver's door. The label also indicates the vehicle's gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR).

Federal standard FMVSS 110, for vehicles with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less, requires that the sum of the maximum load ratings of the tires on an axle is not less than the GAWR of that axle. For vehicles heavier than 10,000 pounds, FMVSS 120 has the same requirement. (49 CFR 571.110, 49 CFR 571.120)

This means that when you select replacement tires, you must ensure that the combined load capacity of the two tires on each axle is at least the GAWR. The load range is one part of that equation; the inflation pressure determines the actual load rating.

You can learn more about how load ratings work in tire load index rating and how pressure affects capacity in tire pressure for heavy SUVs.

Matching load range to payload and towing

Payload and towing add weight to the rear axle, so the rear tires need enough capacity. The most accurate approach is to weigh your truck on a scale with the load you intend to carry, then compare that to the tire load ratings at the recommended cold inflation pressure.

The vehicle's recommended cold inflation pressure is found on the placard in the door jamb. Do not use the maximum pressure printed on the tire sidewall as a daily driving pressure. (fueleconomy.gov)

If you tow a trailer or haul a camper, the tongue weight and cargo affect the rear axle load. Check the rear GAWR and subtract the weight distribution to know the load each tire must support.

In many cases, the original equipment load range is sufficient. If you regularly exceed the original load capacity, you may need a higher load range. But if you rarely reach the limit, a lower range could suffice.

To make the evaluation, follow these steps:

• Locate the GAWR on the driver's door certification label.
• Determine the load on each tire, accounting for payload, passengers, and trailer tongue weight.
• Compare that value to the tire's load rating at the recommended pressure.
• If the rating is below the required load, choose a higher load range or a tire with a higher load index.

Comparing load ranges C, D, and E

Load range C, D, and E are common on light trucks. They indicate increasing load-carrying capability, but the exact numbers depend on tire size and manufacturer specifications.

Here is a general guide to typical applications, but always verify against the tire’s load and inflation table.

Avoiding overbuying stiffness

Choosing a higher load range than you need does not automatically make your truck safer. The key is that the tire's load rating meets the axle load requirement. If you never approach your truck's maximum payload, a load range C tire may be more comfortable and may have lower rolling resistance.

Higher load ranges typically require higher inflation pressures to achieve their full rating. Running a load range E tire at low pressure when empty can lead to uneven wear and heat buildup. Follow the vehicle manufacturer's recommended pressure, and adjust only when carrying heavy loads.

If you are unsure whether you need a higher range, compare the sidewall load rating at the recommended pressure with the GAWR. If the rating is sufficient, you do not need to move up.

For detailed comparisons, see load range C vs E and LT C vs LT E load range.

What to pick for your use

Questions

What does load range C mean on an LT tire?

Load range C is a designation that indicates the tire's load-carrying capability. It is one of several load ranges defined by the tire industry, and the actual load rating depends on the tire size and inflation pressure. Refer to the tire's sidewall and the manufacturer's load and inflation table.

How do I find the right load range for my truck?

Start with the GAWR on the driver's door certification label. Ensure that the sum of the maximum load ratings of tires on each axle is at least the GAWR. Choose a tire with a load rating that meets or exceeds the required load at the recommended cold inflation pressure.

Can I use load range E if my truck only carries light loads?

Yes, you can, but it may not be necessary. Load range E tires are designed for heavy loads and often have stiffer sidewalls, which can make the ride firmer when the truck is empty. As long as the load rating is sufficient, a lower range may be more comfortable.

Do I need to change tire pressure when I change load range?

The recommended cold inflation pressure is set by the vehicle manufacturer and is based on the original equipment tires. If you change to a different load range, you should use the pressure that achieves the necessary load rating for your application. Always follow the pressure on the vehicle placard unless you are adjusting for a specific heavy-load condition.

What is the difference between load range and load index?

Load range is a letter that indicates a family of load and inflation capabilities, while load index is a numeric code that specifies the maximum load a tire can carry at a given pressure. Both are relevant when selecting tires. See tire load index rating for more.

Is it safe to use a tire with a lower load range than original equipment?

Only if the tire's load rating at the recommended pressure is equal to or greater than the required load based on the GAWR. The federal standards require that the sum of maximum load ratings be at least the GAWR. If the lower-range tire meets that, it is acceptable, but verify carefully.